Describe the difference between command-driven (central) vs reflexive (spinal) control of movement.

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Movement can be controlled by command-driven signals from higher brain areas or by reflexive circuits in the spinal cord. Command-driven control involves plans generated in the motor cortex and premotor regions that specify the goals, trajectories, and timing of a movement; these commands are purposeful, flexible, and shaped by intention, context, and sensory feedback to produce smooth, coordinated actions. In contrast, reflexive spinal control uses fast, automatic circuits in the spinal cord that trigger stereotyped responses to specific sensory inputs, such as a muscle stretch or a noxious stimulus, occurring with little cortical processing but can be modulated by higher centers. The best description is that central commands plan purposeful movement, while reflexes provide rapid, automatic responses via spinal circuits.