If cooling is requested and the compressor runs but the indoor fan does not, which thermostat terminal should be checked?

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This is about which thermostat terminal controls the indoor blower. In a typical central A/C, the thermostat wires include R for power, C as the common, Y to call the cooling/compressor, and G to run the indoor fan. If cooling is requested and the compressor outdoors starts, the Y circuit is working. But the indoor fan isn’t running, so the signal that should energize the blower (the G circuit) isn’t getting through or isn’t present. Checking the G terminal means verifying that the thermostat is sending a fan call to the air handler and that the blower relay (and its wiring) is functioning. The C terminal is the common return for power to the thermostat and isn’t what directly controls the fan, so it wouldn’t cause the described symptom by itself.